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sudgylacmoe
Приєднався 22 сер 2013
Have you ever been confused by mathematics? No matter how hard you try, it seems that it's all just a jungle of meaningless definitions and processes. How is it that some people seem to just get it? On this channel, I help to make math make sense. There are generally two kinds of videos on this channel. The first kind are those that take a topic and explain it in a way that makes sense. They generally teach the same things that you learn in other places. However, there are some topics where the traditional way of formalizing it obfuscates the core idea. This leads to the second kind of video: those that introduce new ways of doing old things. Examples of things in this category is using τ instead of π and using geometric algebra (which is a major theme on the channel).
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You can add scalars and vectors! From Zero to Geo 1.11
You can add scalars and vectors! From Zero to Geo 1.11
Переглядів: 11 368
Відео
Dimension is Multi-Dimensional - From Zero to Geo 1.10
Переглядів 17 тис.7 місяців тому
Dimension is Multi-Dimensional - From Zero to Geo 1.10
A Swift Introduction to Projective Geometric Algebra
Переглядів 81 тис.10 місяців тому
A Swift Introduction to Projective Geometric Algebra
Two-Dimensional Lines Are Three-Dimensional - From Zero to Geo 1.9 Bonus Video
Переглядів 10 тис.10 місяців тому
Two-Dimensional Lines Are Three-Dimensional - From Zero to Geo 1.9 Bonus Video
The Tau Manifesto - With Michael Hartl
Переглядів 20 тис.11 місяців тому
The Tau Manifesto - With Michael Hartl
An Overview of the Operations in Geometric Algebra
Переглядів 28 тис.Рік тому
An Overview of the Operations in Geometric Algebra
Vectors Are Not Lists of Numbers (Part 2) - From Zero to Geo 1.9
Переглядів 11 тис.Рік тому
Vectors Are Not Lists of Numbers (Part 2) - From Zero to Geo 1.9
Vectors Are Not Lists of Numbers (Part 1) - From Zero to Geo 1.8
Переглядів 14 тис.Рік тому
Vectors Are Not Lists of Numbers (Part 1) - From Zero to Geo 1.8
A Swift Introduction to Spacetime Algebra
Переглядів 81 тис.Рік тому
A Swift Introduction to Spacetime Algebra
An Alternative Introduction to Trigonometry
Переглядів 18 тис.Рік тому
An Alternative Introduction to Trigonometry
Superior Spanning Sets - From Zero to Geo 1.7
Переглядів 14 тис.2 роки тому
Superior Spanning Sets - From Zero to Geo 1.7
Addendum to A Swift Introduction to Geometric Algebra
Переглядів 75 тис.2 роки тому
Addendum to A Swift Introduction to Geometric Algebra
Describing Many Vectors With a Few - From Zero to Geo 1.6
Переглядів 14 тис.2 роки тому
Describing Many Vectors With a Few - From Zero to Geo 1.6
The Mathematical Proof of the Existence of Santa Claus
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The Mathematical Proof of the Existence of Santa Claus
What is (a) Space? From Zero to Geo 1.5
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What is (a) Space? From Zero to Geo 1.5
The Algebra of Vectors - From Zero to Geo 1.4
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The Algebra of Vectors - From Zero to Geo 1.4
How to Add Vectors - From Zero to Geo 1.3
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How to Add Vectors - From Zero to Geo 1.3
The length of a vector and how to change it - From Zero to Geo 1.2
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The length of a vector and how to change it - From Zero to Geo 1.2
Why do we care about vectors? From Zero To Geo 1.1
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Why do we care about vectors? From Zero To Geo 1.1
From Zero to Geo Introduction (Geometric Algebra Series)
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From Zero to Geo Introduction (Geometric Algebra Series)
The Developmental Method Applied to Calculus
Переглядів 21 тис.2 роки тому
The Developmental Method Applied to Calculus
A Swift Introduction to Geometric Algebra
Переглядів 846 тис.3 роки тому
A Swift Introduction to Geometric Algebra
Savior of the Waking World (from Homestuck) on piano
Переглядів 10 тис.10 років тому
Savior of the Waking World (from Homestuck) on piano
Dango Daikazoku (Ending theme to Clannad) on piano
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Dango Daikazoku (Ending theme to Clannad) on piano
Toki Wo Kizamu Uta (Clannad: After Story opening song) on piano
Переглядів 2,2 тис.10 років тому
Toki Wo Kizamu Uta (Clannad: After Story opening song) on piano
I would buy the book too. 🤔
I think the main upshot of this short is that when you use the word dimension, define your context. *Unit* quaternions are isomorphic to SU(2), which is three dimensional, and diffeomorphic to the 3-sphere, also three dimensional. It's unit quaternions that we use to represent 3D rotations. But general quaternions can be identified naturally with R^4 or C^2, and those most certainly are four dimensional.
while the video says "inside" and "outside", it can be understood as spam
Is this related to why the two dimensional rotation formula doesn’t work in 3D?
I don't think so. The 2D rotation formula stops working because there's extra degrees of freedom that weren't accounted for in the derivation of the 2D rotation formula, whereas this issue with reflections stems from developing a reflection formula for a different type of reflection. Also, note that both reflection formulas can be used to derive the higher-dimensional rotation formula, because the minus signs will cancel when doing an even number of reflections.
The two-dimensional rotation formula actually DOES work in any number of dimensions, as long as you are mulitplying things that are in the same plane. The sandwich product is only needed to cancel out transformations perpendicular to the plane.
Shouldn't the u-hat on the right be inverted too? Or is that unnecessary for reflecting vectors?
The hat means the vector is a unit vector, so it is own inverse
@@potaatobaked7013 Gotcha. "Hyperplane" made me think "k-vector", but I guess this is intended as the 2D VGA equation, or perhaps the (hyper)plane-based PGA equation.
@@nickpatella1525 It seems to be the mirror-space version. It's what's normally used in PGA, but isn't actually restricted to PGA and can be used in VGA and even other models.
This is still in VGA. It ends up reflecting across the hyperplane perpendicular to u. Yeah, I don't like the usage of normal vectors either, but this is what you have to use to get the Cartan-Dieudonné theorem to work in VGA.
Wow this is genius 🙇
Easily the most helpful algebra (mathematics) explanation video I have ever seen on UA-cam! I will definitely watch this channel whenever I have a math problem to solve.
great series! it's all about the basis vectors! woop woop!
That's crazy! Good to know
what
n space, n reflections, then x many kinds of transformation? orthogonal, affine, are there more? what makes a reflection orthogonal and a reflection non-orthogonal?
What makes an ortogonal a reflection? What makes an ortogonal not a reflection? (Answer: the determinant)
Автор чего-то немного путает. Если парабола - это просто функция от 1 переменной с 3 параметрами, то кватернион - объект вообще другой природы. Конкретнее, кватернион - это вектор в четырехмерном пространстве с базисом (1, i, j, k)
Do the properties of vectors and spans covered so for ensure that spaces are flat? I suspect so, but I'm not certain why. I think linear combinations of vectors would be enough to cover any space. (I'm not sure I can prove that, but it seems to work fine for covering a sphere, for example.) I suspect instead that we implicitly made space flat with our definition of length and by assuming that every point in space can be associated with a _unique_ vector.
From the standpoint of the stuff I've been learning recently the amazing consequence of this is that every rotation in SU(2) can be represented as the composition of at most 2n - 2 reflections. It makes understanding spinors and Spin(n) a lot easier.
This doesn't make sense to me since ((v dot u) v) can only result in a scaled vector v, the result can never be be a vector that is reflected across v. Also if u and v is perpendicular the result will always be zero. Or is it another product and not the dot product?
It's the geometric product from geometric algebra. My channel has much more information about geometric algebra.
@@sudgylacmoe This took me down a rabbit hole. Why is it all so elegant and why have I been implementing projections in six different ways all my life... If I were to implement the projection the geometric algebra way, would it take more operations than the traditional complicated way?
Simple! Basic hypothesis! On reflection . . .
The one time visualisations actually hinder understanding..
Remove the graphs and voice over and add in some women in bikinis dancing and you'd have a pretty good video.
Nice proof.
So problem, this isn't very helpful. If you don't know any of this then this man is speaking gibberish, and if you do, then this is just like ya.
Yeah it's weird how this channel is not aimed at people who are entirely unfamiliar with math
Instructions unclear, my junk got stuck in a toaster
Indubitably
Well, I can check this off my bucket list.
Now I know what it feels like to others when I try to talk about computer science stuff with them.
Yeah this one in particular went waaay over my head, holy wow I have to rewatch this...
very slick! probably the biggest missing detail is how we know that an n-dimensional subspace is preserved under both maps. it's not too difficult to see this, though; given our arbitrary vector v, the orthogonal complement of v must be preserved since v is preserved and the map respects orthogonality. (i guess you need to show that reflections are orthogonal, but that's a pretty standard result.) the second big detail is that we can reflect v back to where it started, but this can be shown by analysing the subspace spanned by v and Av and hence reducing to the R² case. the final detail is the base case, which is pretty obvious if we take it to be R¹.
Thanks! I have been wondering exactly that!
Meanwhile, my mind trying to envision a portion of nervous system, each neuron portraying a multidimensional subspace over binary values, the portion performing cognitive multidimensional transformations . . . .
This was awesome. You should do a long video explaining the details of the proof. I teach analytic geometry in my university and we cover a great deal about orthogonal transformations. I will include this in the next term’s syllabus
This helps you see in pictures. You are able to connect different parts of physics with ease.
39:28 If magnetic monopoles are included, and can define a thing analogous to J (I’ll call it, uh… D?), combining magnetic density and magnetic current, and then the right hand side becomes J + iD I believe
the bivectors would have to be constructed in the right order, yes? or some might cancel out the others?
Yeah, but all you need to do is just make sure you go around the polygon.
16:59 Correction: The circular sector is not subtended by the angle. The angle is subtended by the arc boundary of the sector.
Ok this is actually beautiful
The vectors you are describing belong to real vector spaces (elements of R^n). Does it mean that complex vectors (elements of C^n) are not considered in your construction of geometric algebra?
In this entire series up to chapter 7, I will only be considering geometric algebras over the real numbers. This is because they are by far the most useful, and because geometric algebra often can be used in place of complex numbers, making them much less necessary. However, if you really want to, you can use any commutative ring as your scalars, which I'll be doing in chapter seven.
Span implies that you have a plane shape, how do we go from plane -> point? 9:44
The geometric interpretation of this linear space is completely different from the usual geometric interpretation of vectors as arrows. We instead think of vectors as lines (or as I describe later in the video, planes in 3D). The span of two lines is the set of all lines passing through their intersection, which for convenience we think of as just the point itself.
@@sudgylacmoe Ah excellent! Thank you so much!
5:32 this is a special case I believe. Only true when |a| = |b| = |1|
probably a stupid question, because i dont know a lot about algebra, but what is 'vanilla' geometric algebra?
What grade are you in? en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geometric_algebra this is the geometric algebra he’s talking about, unless your asking why he said vanilla, probably because it’s a 2d case with a simples inner product
Or he could be talking about exterior algebra
@@prithvisukka9271 i was asking about the vanilla. never heard of it before.
Vanilla geometric algebra is the geometric algebra with a positive-definite metric and where you interpret vectors as arrows in Euclidean space. This is to contrast it with other flavors of geometric algebra, such as STA, which has the same geometric interpretation but a mixed metric, or PGA, which has both a different metric and a different interpretation of vectors (as planes).
@@prithvisukka9271 Putting quotes around "vanilla" indicate that vanilla was the part they were asking about
Hey when will you start posting videos of "from 0 to geo" again? I've been waiting for so long. I just wanted to ask.
I made a community post about this recently: ua-cam.com/users/postUgkxa6bKAm4cOHqySeTehTAnKvJOBXFv0lZD. Don't worry, it will return!
This is equivalent to negative conjugation in SU(2) with Pauli matrices, right?
A conjugation could be achieved this way, if the line of reflection is the conventioned "real" axis. Other way, is to subtract the rejection (perpendicular component) from projection (paralel component).
@@linuxp00 In SU(2) you reflect vector V about a unit reflection vector U by -UVU which is -U(V|| + V⟂)U = -V|| + V⟂, so tantamount to the same thing.
Nice work, but this isn't a good introduction to hestenes work. Everybody uses rotation matrices for lorentz transformations already. I think a really awesome video would be to take his STA to elucidate the Dirac equation as he does in his paper.
Is this actually the best way to do it?
This is so well done, man, congrats for your talent.
I feel as if im peeking into a cheese tactic for speedruning physics understanding any%
What about normalization tho
Ever heard of prime number space?
Wait so in 4D there is a Cube reflection? That's so insane I don't have the slightest idea how would that work!
a hyperplane (i.e. 3d-space) reflection, e.g. time inversion
...Is that the Dango from Clannad?
Yes it is! Well not quite, I drew it myself in manim, but it's what it's based on.
@@sudgylacmoe very based...
Following your reasoning, complex numbers, a + bi, are 1D. 😂 LOL
No, complex numbers do 2D rotations in the same way that quaternions do 3D rotations.
❤
A reflection is an analogue simulation.
oh wow, didn't expect to see the de morgan law here